Publication:

補充碳酸氫鈉對大學排球選手模擬比賽後技術表現與血液酸鹼平衡之影響

氫離子囤積是造成高強度運動疲勞的主要原因之一，疲勞可能會使排球選手助跑起跳、攻擊出手時間點的錯誤、攔網高度降低、或無法到適當的位置接球而形成失誤，影響技術表現與成績。補充NaHCO3可能可以增加細胞外的緩衝能力，進而減少肌肉細胞中氫離子的堆積，以減緩疲勞的產生，並提高技術能力。本研究目的為探討補充NaHCO3對特優級排球選手在模擬比賽後技術表現的影響。前導實驗以32名（16名特優級；16名挑戰A級）男性、18名女性（12名挑戰A級；6名公開級）大學排球運動員為對象，發展排球專項技術測試（Volleyball skill test，VST），評估受試者在攻擊、舉球、救球之技術能力，特優級男性及挑戰A級女性選手連續2次VST測試成績達顯著相關（男：r = 0.501；女：r = 0.807），顯示VST測試為可行。本研究以17名男性及10名女性大學排球運動員（男性：平均年齡20.47± 1.50歲，身高181.82 ± 5.58公分，體重79.14 ± 12.88公斤；女性：平均年齡19.70± 0.67歲，身高167.00 ± 5.62公分，體重58.84 ± 6.26公斤）為研究對象，每位受試者均完成控制試驗與NaHCO3試驗。每次試驗皆於模擬比賽前後進行VST測試，模擬比賽包含連續攻擊、個人防守、左右攔網、3公尺側併步等四種型態。女性受試者於攝取實驗飲料前及抽血後進行聽力及眼力反應測試，並於VST測試後進行10次攔網高度測試。NaHCO3試驗於運動前1小時攝取0.3 g/kg NaHCO3，控制試驗攝取0.21 g/kg NaCl。運動前與模擬比賽後採集血液樣本分析pH值、血液鹼溢（base excess of blood，BEB）、HCO3-、鉀離子（K+）、乳酸。結果顯示男女性pH值兩次試驗後測皆顯著低於前測，且NaHCO3試驗改變量與控制試驗呈顯著差異（男性控制試驗前測：7.39 ± 0.03、後測：7.21 ± 0.05；NaHCO3試驗前測：7.44 ± 0.02、後測：7.28 ± 0.03。女性控制試驗前測：7.34 ± 0.03、後測：7.16 ± 0.04；NaHCO3試驗前測：7.44 ± 0.08、後測：7.25 ± 0.08）。BEB濃度男女性實驗後測結果皆顯著低於前測，NaHCO3試驗變化量顯著高於控制試驗。HCO3-濃度後測結果亦顯著低於前測，NaHCO3試驗變化量顯著高於控制試驗。乳酸濃度後測結果顯著高於前測，且NaHCO3試驗變化量亦顯著高於控制試驗（男性控制試驗前測：3.25 ± 0.79 mM、後測：17.63 ± 3.07 mM；NaHCO3試驗前測：3.68 ± 0.67 mM、後測：20.60 ± 2.51 mM。女性控制試驗前測：2.71 ± 1.08 mM、後測：14.55 ± 2.48mM；NaHCO3試驗前測：3.17 ± 1.45 mM、後測：17.42 ± 2.85mM）。VST技術測試部份，男性受試者前測（控制試驗：21.73 ± 12.15；NaHCO3試驗：22.93 ± 11.35）準確率顯著高於後測（控制試驗：17.21 ± 9.01；NaHCO3試驗：18.75 ± 8.42），但成功率並無顯著差異（控制試驗前測：56.02 ± 19.72、後測：51.71 ± 18.80；NaHCO3試驗前測：58.21 ± 20.80、後測：59.42 ± 19.27）；兩次試驗之變化亦無顯著差異。女性受試者準確率則無顯著差異（控制試驗前測：19.63 ± 8.41、後測：21.79 ± 7.98；NaHCO3試驗前測：18.33 ± 9.53、後測：23.31 ± 13.39），前測（控制試驗：41.94 ± 14.74；NaHCO3試驗：41.14 ± 8.92）成功率顯著高於後測（控制試驗：32.83 ± 7.32；NaHCO3試驗：34.12 ±12.97），兩次試驗之變化量亦無顯著差異。反應測試部份，兩次試驗前後測的聽力反應及單手眼力反應測試皆無顯著差異；四象限眼力反應測試兩次試驗間及控制試驗前後測之間並無顯著差異，但NaHCO3試驗前測反應時間顯著高於後測。本研究顯示補充NaHCO3能增加細胞外的緩衝能力，但無法維持排球專項之技術、聽力及眼力反應之時間，亦不能維持攔網跳躍的高度。

The accumulation of hydrogen ion is one of the major causes for fatigue in high intensity exercise. Fatigue may lead to the decrease in volleyball performance as it may result in lower jumping ability, missed timing in spike and block, and failure to reach the suitable place to receive the ball. It has been shown that sodium bicarbonate supplementation may increase extracellular buffer capacity, reduce exercise-induced hydrogen ion accumulation, and delay the onset of fatigue and enhance exercise performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on volleyball skill performance in male and female university players after a simulated match. The preliminary study involved 32 male (16 first level, 16 second level) and 18 female (12 second level, 6 fifth level) to develop volleyball skill test (VST) which evaluates the skill of spike, set and dig. The VST scores from 2 separate test were significantly correlated (r=0.501 in first level male, r=0.807 in second level female), indicating the reliability of VST. The study recruited 17 male and 10 female collegiate volleyball players (male: mean age 20.47± 1.50 years, height 181.82 ± 5.58 cm, weight 79.14 ± 12.88 kg ; female: mean age 19.70± 0.67 years, height 167.00 ± 5.62 cm, weight 58.84 ± 6.26 kg). Each subject completed a placebo trial (control) and bicarbonate trial (bicarbonate) in a randomized order, separated by one week. Subjects performed 2 volleyball skill tests before and after the simulated match in each trial. Volleyball skill test evaluated the skill of accuracy and consistency with spike, set and dig. The simulated match included continuously spike, personal defend, blocking both sides and 3 m closed promenade. Female subjects also completed ear-hand and eye-hand response, and blocking height tests after each VST. The subjects consumed 0.3 g/kg NaHCO3 (NaHCO3 trial, BIC) or 0.21 g/kg NaCl (control trial, CON) 60 minutes before the first VST. Venous blood samples collected before exercise and after simulated match. Biochemical parameters of pH, base excess of blood, HCO3-, potassium ion and lactate were measured by autoanalyzers. The results showed that post-match pH was significantly lower than pre-match in both trials in male and female (male: pre-match in CON 7.39 ± 0.03, post-match 7.21 ± 0.05 ; pre-match in BIC 7.44 ± 0.02, post-match 7.28 ± 0.03. female: pre-match in CON 7.34 ± 0.03, post-match 7.16 ± 0.04 ; pre-match in BIC 7.44 ± 0.08, post-match 7.25 ± 0.08). The concentrations of base excess of blood (BEB) in both post-match were significantly lower than pre-match in male and female. The change in BIC was significantly higher than that in CON. The concentration of HCO3- in post-match was also significantly lower than pre-match. The change in lactate in BIC was significantly higher than that in CON (male: pre-match in CON 3.25 ± 0.79 mM, post-match 17.63 ± 3.07 mM ; pre-match in BIC 3.68 ± 0.67 mM, post-match 20.60 ± 2.51 mM. female: pre-match in CON 2.71 ± 1.08 mM, post-match 14.55 ± 2.48 mM ; pre-match in BIC 3.17 ± 1.45 mM, post-match 17.42 ± 2.85 mM). The accuracy score in VST was significantly higher in pre-match than post-match in males (pre-match of control trial 21.73 ± 12.15%, post-match 17.21 ± 9.01% ; pre-match of bicarbonate trial 22.93 ± 11.35%, post-match 18.75 ± 8.42%). The consistency scores were similar in both trials (pre-match in CON 56.02 ± 19.72%, post-match 51.71 ± 18.80% ; pre-match in BIC 58.21 ± 20.80%, post-match 59.42 ± 19.27%). The accuracy scores were similar between the 2 trials in females (pre-match in BIC 18.33 ± 9.53%, post-match 23.31 ± 13.39%), while the consistency score was higher in pre-match than post-match (pre-match in CON 41.94 ± 14.74%, post-match 32.83 ± 7.32% ; pre-match in BIC 41.14 ± 8.92%, post-match 34.12 ± 12.97%). The changes in two trials were not significant. The ear-hand and eye-hand response time was similar between the two trials. The response time in 4-quadrant eye-hand test was significantly longer in pre-match than post-match in BIC. The results suggested that sodium bicarbonate supplementation could increase extracellular buffer capacity, but could not maintain volleyball skill performance, response time, and blocking height