背景：本文獻探討造成糖尿病的相關原因，以及利用有氧運動改善糖尿病危險因子的可能措施。利用文獻探討的方式，對於糖尿病與運動進行綜評性的文獻回顧。有氧運動訓練被發現能有效提升胰島素的敏感度、增加GLUT4被誘發至肌肉細胞表面的能力，降低餐後血脂肪及全身性發炎反等現象，使得糖尿病的病情獲得改善。進行單次的耐力運動與阻力運動或是在運動訓練後的8到36小時，皆能夠有效降低餐後的血脂肪。這可能可以改善胰島素的訊息傳遞路徑，使得胰島素敏感度增加。結語：目前被廣為接受的有氧運動處方為進行每週三次，每週總計150分鐘以上的中等強度有氧運動，便能有效改善第二類型糖尿病的症狀。此外，訓練量越多，對於糖尿病患者的血糖控制會越有效果。

Background: This paper briefly reviews the potential pathway of the type 2 diabetes mellitus and the effect of aerobic exercise training on type 2 diabetes risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study reviews the effect of exercise training on type 2 diabetes risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aerobic exercise training has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity, stimulate GLUT4 recruitment to the cell surface, decrease the postprandial lipemia and low-grade systemic inflammation. Single bout of exercise or endurance and resistance exercise training could decrease postprandial lipemia after 8 to 36 hours post-exercise. This may improve the insulin signaling pathway and increase insulin sensitive. Summary: At least a total of 150 minutes, three times a week of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise is highly recommended to improve the risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the exercise volume is a major determinant of blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.