Publication:

臺灣原住民少棒選手動作協調能力之分析研究

背景與目的:過去對於臺灣原住民棒球員的傑出運動表現多歸因於先天因素，但卻鮮有研究能支持或反駁之。雖已有研究發現原住民兒童有較佳的基本動作能力或動作協調能力，但卻未能在考慮專項訓練影響的情況下分析其動作特性。故本研究目的在於比較（1）原住民與非原住民棒球男童與（2） 棒球男童與臺灣常模在動作協調能力上的差異。方法:在近三年曾獲全國少棒錦標賽前三名之學校選取152位11至12歲男童（85位原住民與67位非原住民）接受動作協調能力測驗（Movement Assessment Battery for Children 與臺灣動作評估測驗）。使用獨立樣本t檢定來比較基本資料與測驗分數。此外，將動作測驗的標準分數對照臺灣常模轉換為z分數，以分析調查棒球男童動作協調能力投射於常模的情形，並使用單一樣本t檢定來評量其傾向程度。結果:原住民棒球男童在兩項動作測驗當中的平衡能力皆有較佳表現 (p<.05)，尤其是在Movement ABC測驗的「跳躍拍手」與臺灣動作評估測驗的「跳格子」(p<.05)。再者，原住民男童在臺灣動作評估測驗的「Finger-Nose-Finger」(p<.001)與「插洞板」(p<.05)項目有較高的能力分數，但在「公雞花邊」(p<.01) 分數卻較低。當對照於臺灣常模時，則發現除了臺灣動作評估測驗的精細動作面向之外，所有棒球男童都有較佳的動作協調能力(p<.001)。結論: 原住民與非原住民棒球男童與臺灣常模相比下具有較優異的動作協調能力，儘管都接受規律的棒球專項訓練，原住民棒球男童又比非原住民有較佳的動態平衡能力與手眼協調能力，但卻有較差的描繪技巧。

Background and Purpose: The outstanding performance of Taiwanese aboriginal baseball players was usually attributed to the innate factors, but there were not enough studies to support or against it. Although some research had demonstrated that Taiwanese aboriginal children had better basic motor ability or motor coordination ability, no study has analyzed their motor characteristics under the consideration of impact of specific sport training. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to compare the motor coordination ability between (a) aboriginal and non-aboriginal youth baseball boys, and (b) baseball boys and the Taiwanese norm. Methods: 152 boys aged eleven to twelve years (85 aboriginal and 67 non-aboriginal children) were recruited from the school baseball teams which had won the top three in the National Youth Baseball Championships, being assessed by the Movement Assessment Battery of Children (Movement ABC) test and Taiwan Movement Assessment (TMA) test to explore their motor coordination ability. The basic data and testing scores between two groups were compared by the independent t-test. Furthermore, in order to investigate the projection of their motor coordination ability in the population, the standard scores of motor coordination tests were transformed into z-scores by contrasting to the Taiwanese norm, and the simple t-test was employed to evaluate the extent of predisposition. Results: The aboriginal baseball boys had better performance in the balance ability of two motor coordination tests (p<.05), especially the item of “Jumping and Clapping” in the Movement ABC test and the item of “Zig-zag Hopping” in the TMA test. In addition, the aboriginals had higher scores in the items of “Finger-Nose-Finger” (p<.001) and “Shifting Pegs” (p<.05), but having lower scores in “Cock Trail” (p<.01) in the TMA test. As contrasting with the Taiwanese norm, baseball boys had better motor coordination ability (p<.001), except the fine motor domain in the TMA test. Conclusion: In spite that all participants, receiving regular baseball training programs, had inclination of higher motor coordination ability in contrast with the Taiwanese norm, the aboriginal baseball boys seem to have better dynamic balance ability and eye-hand coordination than the non-aboriginals, but having the poorer drawing skill.