Publication:

分析優秀球類運動員的動作協調能力與視覺動態注意力及其相關性(第2年)

背景與目的：球類運動經常需要追蹤動態的物體，其中棒球及壘球選手需要在比賽中追蹤移動中的球、看著跑步中的隊友及對手以執行最佳的防守，桌球選手在動態視覺與反應需要有較家的能力；因此特別傑出的棒壘球及桌球選手在多物體追蹤能力應較非運動員有如此更佳的能力。本篇研究目的在於分析此假設並且探討在不同運動時期的棒壘球選手其多物體追蹤能力是否有所差異。方法：49名男性棒球選手、25名女性壘球選手、7位男性桌球選手、39名非運動員（20名女性及19名男性）參與本研究，所有參與者接受典型多物體追蹤測驗(Pylyshyn & Storm, 1988)。在此測驗中參與者被要求專注追蹤特定目標，並有數顆使其分心的移動球體移動數秒，之後參與者選擇出需要追蹤的球體。其中實驗一強調在物體移動速度的追蹤，實驗二強調在追蹤球體的數目以此了解參與者的追蹤及注意力限制能力。其中棒球及壘球選手並在訓練期與比賽期各被測驗一次。結果：無論實驗一或實驗二，棒球選手皆顯著優於一般非運動員，壘球選手非顯著的較棒球選手差但優於一般非運動員，桌球選手在追蹤球體速度上也顯著優於一般非運動員。在專注追蹤的限制能力分析上，棒球選手無論在追蹤球體速度或是球體數目上皆顯著優於非運動員。至於在不同運動時期之多物體追蹤能力上，則發現棒壘球運動員在比賽期及訓練期皆無顯著差異。結論：本研究發現棒球選手確實在多物體追蹤能力優於一般非運動員，但棒壘球運動員在不同運動時期此能力並無明顯的差異。

Background and Purpose: Playing a ball sport always involves tracking multiple moving targets. Baseball and softball players have to track the moving balls, the running teammates and opponents at the same time in order to have a best defense. Table tennis players need to tracking fast balls and react quickly. An exceptional baseball, softball or table tennis player might have a better performance of attentively tracking multiple moving targets than non-athletes. The purpose of the study is to examine this hypothesis and also examine the difference of MOT between training and competition periods in baseball and softball players. Methods: Forty-nine male baseball, 25 female softball players, 7 table tennis players, and 39 non-athletes (20 females and 19 males) were recruited in this study. The tracking performance for all participants were measured with the typical Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) Task (Pylyshyn & Storm, 1988). In this task, participants were asked to attentively track specific targets wandering around the computer monitor among some distractors for a few seconds, and they reported those targets in the end of trial. The study manipulated the object moving speeds for the Experiment 1 and manipulated the number of tracked targets for the Experiment 2 to measure the capacity limits of attentive tracking for athletes and non-athletes. Baseball and softball players were tested in training and competition periods. Results: No matter how fast the targets moves in the Experiment 1 or how many targets are tracked in the Experiment 2, baseball players significantly performed better than non-athletes, and the tracking performance of softball players are non-significantly worse than baseball players and better than non-athletes. Table tennis players were significantly better than the non-athletes in tracking speed limits. The capacity limits of attentive tracking were calculated with the speed limit for Experiment 1 and the number limits for Experiment 2. Baseball players performed significantly higher speed limits and larger number limits than non-athletes. In addition, no significant differences between training and competition periods in baseball and softball players regarding MOT performances. Conclusion: This study suggested baseball players having significantly larger capacity limits of attentively tracking than non-athletes. However, MOT of baseball and softball players in different training periods was not significant difference.