Publication:

啞鈴蹲舉之不同站姿步寬、踝關節外轉角度與重量負荷對於下肢生物力學的影響

蹲舉為常見的下肢肌力訓練動作，過去已有許多文獻探討蹲舉動作變化對下肢生物力學的影響，但僅分析二維矢狀面關節活動角度、力量與力矩。研究目的：本研究使用動作分析系統分析啞鈴蹲舉之三維下肢生物力學參數，分析重量負荷與四種蹲舉步寬對下肢生物力學的影響。研究方法：使用8台高速攝影機與2塊三維測力板收集蹲舉動作資料。受試者為11名男性舉重選手，分別執行四種蹲舉步寬和三種啞鈴重量的蹲舉動作變化。以二因子變異數分析蹲舉步寬與重量負荷對於執行蹲舉動作時之下肢運動學與動力學的影響。研究結果：在步寬部分，執行寬步寬蹲舉會產生較大的髖關節向後、向內剪力和關節壓力，膝關節會有較大的最大向內剪力和關節壓力，踝關節會有較大的最大向前和向內剪力；執行窄步寬蹲舉會產生較大的髖關節向外剪力。在踝關節外轉角度部分，執行蹲舉時腳尖外轉會產生較大的髖關節最大關節壓力和踝關節最大向前剪力。在啞鈴重量部分，啞鈴重量愈重，髖關節最大向前、向後、向內剪力和關節壓力愈大，膝關節最大向前剪力和關節壓力愈大，踝關節最大向前、向內剪力和關節壓力愈大。且蹲舉步寬、踝關節外轉角度與啞鈴重量皆會影響蹲舉的最大關節力矩。結論：蹲舉步寬、踝關節外轉角度與重量負荷會影響下肢肌群的訓練效益與傷害風險。建議初學者或復健患者先以肩寬之步寬站姿執行蹲舉動作，以達下肢肌力訓練效果與減低傷害風險。

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to quantify biomechanical parameters of lower limbs during the dumbbell squat with varying stance widths and dumbbell load using three-dimensional motion analysis system. Methods: VICON motion analysis system with eight cameras and two Kistler force-plates were used to record kinematic and kinetic data during squat. Eleven college team members in weightlifting were recruited in this study. Each subject was asked to perform squat at four different stance widths (narrow stance with 107% shoulder width; narrow stance with toe-out 20°; medium stance with 142% shoulder width and toe-out 23°; wide stance with 169% shoulder width and toe-out 26°). The effects of three different resistances (held one dumbbell, 10 kgw or 20 kgw, in each hand and without dumbbell). Results: Most joint forces were increased with stance width, except hip joint lateral shear force. The range of motion of ankle joint external rotation (toe-out angle), peak hip compress force and peak ankle anterior shear force were increased with toe-out angle. The ankle, knee, and hip joint forces were increased with resistance. Conclusions: The peak joint forces and peak joint moments that were produced by muscle forces were affected by stance width, toe-out angle and resistance. We recommend that the squat exercise in narrow stance with 107% shoulder width is the best choice for the beginners or the patients in rehabilitation.