Publication:

運動認定的概念與測量

中文摘要

本研究以自我知覺概念為基礎探討個體的運動參與行為。Brewer等人（1993）與Anderson等人（1994）各自提出運動認定的概念來探討個體的運動參與行為，但綜觀過去的研究，在運動認定方面並未有完善的概念與建構，探討運動的認定程度與運動行為之間的關係，也未能有有效的測量工具。因此，本研究欲探討運動認定的概念與測量工具之建構，期望對運動認定建立更明確的概念，並以現有測量工具為基礎發展更符合運動認定概念的量表。研究參與者採分層隨機抽樣18至60歲之一般民眾共200位。本研究先對運動員自我認同量表中文版與翻譯後的運動認定量表分別進行因素分析，研究結果顯示兩個量表皆為單向度， Cronbach’s α係數分別為.91及.87，解釋變異量分別為56.42%及 58.46%。研究結果也顯示兩個量表相關程度非常高為 .92（p<.001）。合併兩量表的題項，經由項目分與因素分析，抽取到四個因素，分別為「正面情緒」（10題）、「排他性/負面情緒」（10題）、「運動員認定」（4題）與「重要性」（3題）。四個分量表的Cronbach’sα係數介於 .81至.94之間，總量表的Cronbach’sα係數為.96，總解釋變異量為68.21%。本量表的完成提供與運動認定的相關研究一個良好的測量工具。

Abstract

Two identity-related concepts, namely athletic identity and exercise identity, have been associated with behaviors in physical activity domain by researchers. B. Brewer and colleagues (1993) argued that a strong athletic identity may influence individual’s adaptive behaviors in sport in both positive and negative ways. D. Anderson’s research (1994;1995;1998;2001) showed that exercise identity may have predictive value of exercise behavior. It has been suggested in the literature, however, a further examination backgrounds is needed. In addition, in a culture in which the concepts of athletic (sport) and exercise are ambiguous and difficult to be divided (e.g., Taiwanese/Chinese), athletic and exercise identities may be of the same concept. This study examined the structure of athletic and exercise identities with a sample form a Taiwanese/Chinese cultural background. Chinese versions of both Athletic Identity Measurement Scale and Exercise Identity Scale were administered to 200 adults. In the first stage of date analysis, factor analyses revealed that both athletic and exercise identities are one-dimensional in structure and these two concepts are strongly associated (r=.92. p<.001). In the second stage of analysis, items from the two scales were combined and new items were added for a more comprehensive analysis. Factor analysis showed a 4-factor solution, including positive affect, exclusivity/negative affect, athlete identity, and importance. It seems that for Taiwanese/Chinese, the meanings of athletic and exercise identities are very much the same. Their meanings are interpreted differently only when it is referred to sport competition or performance evaluation (i.e., athlete identity). Additionally, social identity a component of athletic identity found in Western samples, was not isolated out in this sample. It is possible that in Taiwanese/Chinese culture, social identity is internalized into other aspects of self-identity.