Publication:

擊劍戰術與劍具改良對運動績效之影響

中文摘要

本論文研究目的是以戰術的研究來調整訓練方向，並以人體工學的觀點探討戰術及劍身角度，對於運動傷害和運動績效的影響。

技術加上身體素質的良好訓練，才能將戰術正常發揮。戰術左右技術及身體素質的訓練方向，在戰術研究方面，本研究以世界杯的男女選手為研究對象，分析攻擊戰術對比賽勝負的影響。研究顯示，「時間差攻擊」才是選手獲勝最主要因素。教練在平時的訓練應以「主動攻擊」為主要內容，「時間差攻擊」是訓練有素的選手在國際比賽中獲得勝利的主要戰術。

擊劍運動的速度主要取決於腳步，國內選手運動傷害最嚴重部位以踝關節居首，其次為腰部、膝關節和大腿，如何避免腳步運動傷害，國外文獻研究，彌足珍貴可為借鏡。手腕為腰部以上受傷最多的部位，本研究中劍身角度的實驗，以ANOVA變異數分析不同劍身角度在甩劍刺擊得分和準確度都達到顯著差異水準，劍身9度在刺擊得分和準確度都獲得最高分，對於『時間差攻擊』戰術應有很大助益。下壓角度越大對於手腕尺偏的動作就越小，省力且不易疲勞。因此，從人體工學研究的觀點，兼顧運動安全與運動績效考量下，9度劍身應是最佳選擇。

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study aim to adjust the direction of training through the study of tactics, from the view of human factors to evaluate the influence on efficiency and injury, through different tactics and blade angles.

Skill and good physical training are the very fundamental elements to execute tactics properly. In research of tactics with the ANOVA and Duncan’s Grouping Multiple tests, fencers in 1999 World Championship clearly reflect that different attacks - tactics determined the result of a fight. Dividing these fencers into two groups (group of winner and group of loser), we could see the frequency of using attack to achieve a winning hit in both groups were the same; but to those whom used more counter attack in competition, it definitely promoted them into the winners group. Attack should always be the essential tactic, but coaches should also realize that counter attack affect the result.

The speed in a fight is accelerated by footworks, the most serious injuries among Taiwan fencers are ankle joint, as well as waist, knee and thigh. We could easily find these information from foreign documentation, and it should

helps to avoid these injuries.Wrist injuries is the most common part on upper body. In the experiment of blade angles, the ANOVA Multiple tests indicated that different blade angles effect various accuracy with fling hit. Blade

angle at 9 degree created highest accuracy in experiment, can also accelerate counter attack to highest performance. More downward the angle is, less ulnar deviation appeared on wrist, saved strength and less fatigue. Therefore, from view of human factors research and in consideration of safety and efficiency, blade angle at 9 degree was the best choice.