Publication:

提示情境與動作經驗對序列動作時間精確性的影響

本研究主要探討不同提示情境（無提示、音樂提示、口語提示與綜合提示），對不同動作經驗者在序列動作目標時間的影響。實驗參與者為健康狀況良好之大專女學生，以其舞蹈經驗分為舞者與非舞者兩組，每組各40名合計共80名，隨機分派至4種實驗情境，並要求實驗參與者跟隨影片示範做序列性動作10次。動作者按壓反應鍵的動作時間經BIOPAC MP100多通道多功能生物訊號處理系統（2000Hz）收集後，就10次試作中第1次、第4次與第8次的資料作為觀察動作者於不同階段動作時間表現之依據，計算恆常誤差、絕對誤差、變異誤差與總誤差等進行動作時間準確度的分析。統計方法採用2（動作經驗）× 4（提示情境）獨立樣本二因子變異數分析，並以Duncan法進行事後比較。研究結果顯示，舞者於試作初期，在無提示情境下的動作時間精確度與穩定性皆優於非舞者（p < .05），且舞者的動作於試作初期和試作中期均顯著快於非舞者。練習後期，則出現動作經驗因子在恆常誤差無顯著差異的結果（p > .05）。分析提示情境因子的結果顯示，口語提示為3種試作階段各誤差變項最大之提示情境，綜合提示次之，音樂提示則為誤差值最小的情境。此結果說明具動作經驗者首次接觸新動作時，訊息處理與視覺搜尋的能力較佳，所以動作表現較精確及穩定，而能精確達到動作目標時間的表現。此外，音樂提示為4種提示類型中，最能有效提升動作時間精確度與穩定性的提示形式；綜合提示則由於多了音樂提示的引導，而提升動作者動作時間的精確度與穩定性，但相較於音樂提示，動作者傾向於以綜合提示中的口語提示作為主要的動作訊息線索，顯示口語提示具備較多的指引作用，建議動作指導者應審慎運用口語提示，以避免對動作者的動作執行產生干擾。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of timing precision of the series of discrete movements for the dance experience under the different cueing conditions of none cue, musical cue, verbal cue, and musical with verbal cue. Forty dancers and 40 non-dancers, healthy college female students, were served as the participants and assigned randomly into one of the four cueing conditions to perform the series of discrete movements for 10 times following the video model. The BioPac MP100 system (2000Hz) with switch keys were used to record and analyze the pressed timings for the first, the fourth, and the eighth trials of the designed series of discrete movements. The pressed times for every trial were used to calculate the accuracy parameters these included constant error, absolute error, variable error, and overall error. 2 (the experiences of dance) □ 4 (cueing conditions) independent two way ANOVA and Duncan’s posteriori comparison were adopted to analyze the statistical differences. The results showed that the dancers were more accuracy and more consistency than non-dancers under none cue condition for the first trial to model (p < .05). The movement time in dancers was faster than non-dancers during the initial stage and the intermediate stage. The constant error was showed no statistical difference in the factor of dance experience after the more practices (p > .05). The analysis of cueing conditions showed that the every component of timing error from high to low was in the following conditions: verbal cue, musical with verbal cue, none cue, and musical cue. It indicated that the experienced dancers had well capabilities for information processing and visual searching to perform the rhythmic series movement more quickly with accuracy and consistency. Additionally, the results showed the condition of music cueing was the most accurate and stabile to enhance the movements timing effectively, and this phenomenon was also appeared in the condition of musical with verbal cue. But the participants trended toward to take the verbal information as a first priority under the condition of musical with verbal cue compared with musical cueing only. This evidenced the verbal cue had the function of guidance for movements timing mainly, and it suggested a movement instructor has to give the verbal cue cautiously to avoid interfere the performer to achieve a task.