Publication:

參與規律運動之老年人心理效益、生理效益及身體活動能力之研究

本研究旨在探討參與規律運動的老年人在心理、生理及身體活動能力之相關研究；其中運動項目包括元極舞、太極拳、健身操、韻律舞、香功、氣功、外丹功、快走等八項。並從台中市各大公園隨機抽樣207位規律參與運動的老年人作為研究對象，以結構式問卷進行調查及體能測量的資料收集；問卷含心理效益及身體活動能力量表，而生理效益測量包含體脂肪、單足立姿平衡、握力、膝屈伸、坐姿體前彎、折返跑、登階測驗。事後將資料進行單因子變異數分析、積差相關、多元逐步迴歸等統計分析。經由研究發現：

一、心理效益與身體活動能力的現況分析，心理效益以「自覺預期效益」最高；身體活動能力以「上肢動作」最高。

二、心理效益因背景變項的不同，部分層面具有顯著差異。

三、生理效益因背景變項的不同，部分層面具有顯著差異。

四、身體活動能力因背景變項的不同，部分層面具有顯著差異。

五、以積差相關分析，心理效益、生理效益及身體活動能力各層面部分達顯著的正相關；心理效益越高，身體活動能力越高；身體活動能力越高，即生理效益越高。

六、以多元逐步迴歸分析，心理效益各層面對身體活動能力具有解釋力，以成就行為具有最高的解釋力。心理效益、身體活動能力各層面對生理效益具有解釋力，以下肢動作具有最高的解釋力。

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the fitness of the elderly, and to treat of the relationships between the different sports items, and the cognition and mobility of exercise (including Yuan- Ji Dance. Tai-Chi Chuan. Calisthenics. Aerobic Dane. Qi-Gong. Wai Tan Kung. Brisk walking.Aura).The data were collected from 207 elderly who participate in the regular exercise in public garden of Taichung. Chi-square,Data obtained included structure questionnaires and Physical Performance tests. Structure questionnaires contained psychological benefits tests and Physical Performance tests. Physical Performance tests contained body fat,one side foot stand test, bar-gripping, knee extensor/flexor test, sit-and-reach test, agility, step test. Logistic Regression, one-way ANOVA, MANOVA, Pearson Correlation analysis andmultiple stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that:

1.Based on the current analysis among Psychological Benefits , and Physical Performance, “Bilateral training”, and “anticipatory benefits” are the most effective factors.

2.Different background variables make the Psychological Benefits vary greatly in some aspects.

3.Different background variables make the Physiological Benefits vary greatly in some aspects.

4.Different background variables make the physical performance vary greatly in some aspects.

5.According to Pearson correlation, physiological benefits,psychological benefits,and physical performance are positively correlated. In other words, the more physiological benefits is, the higher physical performance is. The more physical performance is, the higher psychological benefits is.

6.According to multiple stepwise regression analysis, among all aspects of Psychological Benefits, ’ achievements behavior’ has the most explanation on the predictability of Physical Performance.. Among all aspects of Psychological Benefits and Physical Performance, ‘Bilateral training’ has the most explanation on the predictability of Physiological Benefits.