Publication:

經由脫水快速降低體重對技擊類運動員之影響

過去的調查顯示，技擊類選手在賽前都經歷過快速降低體重，賽前過磅時大多比平時體重減少了約5%，同時有相當高比例的選手呈現脫水狀態。當過磅後，選手再以大量補充水分及能量的方式，於比賽前快速恢復體重。過去許多研究指出，快速降低體重會對生理造成許多不利的影響，然而選手除了符合賽前過磅的要求，還須藉由體重之調整，進而專注於賽前準備的情緒，以營造出更高專注力及必勝決心之意念，因此快速降低體重是技擊選手賽前之重要課題。快速降低體重最常使用的方法為限制食物與液體的攝取、伴隨大量流汗，但是營養及水分不足會減少紅血球生成素的產生，因而減少紅血球之生成。同時，紅血球聚集速率增加，進而降低氧氣運送到骨骼肌的效率，導致影響運動表現。目前發現運動員快速降低體重後，會出現神經肌肉相關檢測的結果較差、肌肉無力、下肢爆發力降低及產生負面情緒等現象，但之後若有充分的時間休息，則很快可以恢復。不過，反覆的降低與增加體重不僅對身體有害，也會增加往後降低體重的困難度。建議未來可以透過給予選手及教練運動營養的教育課程，宣導正確控制體重的觀念與做法，以維護選手的身心健康，並提升競技運動的表現。

According to previous investigation, almost all the combat sport athletes had the experience of rapid weight loss before the competition by around 5%. Meanwhile, a relatively high ratio of players are under hypohydration. Usually after weighing, they restored their weight quickly before playing the game with plenty of water and energy. Several previous studies have pointed out that rapid weight loss might exert many bad effects on player’s physiology. However, in addition to meet the weighing request of the game, the players had to focus on emotion preparation for the game by adjusting the weight to establish a higher focused and determined mind. Rapid weight loss is an important issue for all the combat sport athletes before the competition. The most common method for rapid weight loss is to limit the intake of food and fluids, accompanied by a lot of sweating. The result of insufficient nutrition and water will lead to a decrease in the production of erythropoietin which decreased the production of red blood cells. Moreover, increased red blood cell aggregation rate reduced the efficiency of oxygen transport to skeletal muscles and further affecting athletic performance. Nowadays, it is known that athletes had poor neuromuscular-related test response, muscle weakness, lower extremity explosiveness and psychological negative emotions after rapid weight loss. But if they have enough time to rest, the athletes can recover quickly. However, repeated weight loss and weight gain are not only harmful to the body, but also cause difficulty in losing weight later. It is suggested that the concept and practice of correct weight control can be promoted through sports nutrition education courses given to athletes and coaches in the future. Consequently, the players can maintain good physical and mental health, and enhance their performance in sports.