Publication:

跆拳道反應式專項技術測試之信效度評估

跆拳道項目為台灣在國際運奪牌的重點項目之一；反應時間及動作時間是跆拳道決勝的重要因素。本實驗目的為建立跆拳道反應式專項技術測試，分別採用單任務與雙任務模式，並分析此測試之信效度。本研究受試者為12名男性優秀跆拳道運動員及12名一般跆拳道運動員，優秀跆拳道運動員年齡20.1±0.8歲、訓練經驗9.9±2.2年、身高177.1±4.1公分、體重66.9±5公斤、最大攝氧量44.9±6.8ml/kg/min；一般跆拳道運動員年齡20.4±0.7歲、訓練經驗9.9±2.3年、身高171.3±6.3公分、體重73.3±33.3公斤、最大攝氧量41.8±7.0ml/kg/min。跆拳道反應式專項技術測試包含單任務及雙任務的模式，共有4種踢擊動作，每種需重複5次，以隨機方式進行，分別為單任務A簡單動作(旋踢)、B連續動作(旋踢、旋踢上端及逆旋上端)、C連續動作(旋踢、旋踢上端、逆旋上端、旋踢上端、逆旋上端及旋踢上端)、雙任務D連續動作(C動作加上亮燈-按鍵的次要任務)，測量前動作反應時間、動作時間及次要任務反應時間。以連續二天的測試結果評估信度，並以優秀與一般運動員的差異評估效度。在信度方面，優秀與一般運動員4種動作前動作反應時間(內在一致性係數0.355-0.804)、動作時間(0.384-0.958)、次要任務反應時間(0.424-0.686)均達低度相關以上。在效度方面，優秀運動員4種動作前動作反應時間顯著優於一般運動員(平均縮短 14.0-23.7%)，優秀運動員次要任務反應時間亦顯著優於一般運動員(平均縮短37.8%)。優秀與一般運動員次要任務反應時間的差異顯著高於單任務模式各動作的差異，顯示雙任務模式可更有效區別優秀運動員。本研究顯示，不論單任務或雙任務模式，均有合理的信效度，而雙任務模式可能是更適合的評估跆拳道運動員反應能力的方式。

Taekowndo is one of the few sports that Taiwan can win medals in international competitions. Reaction time and movement time are crucial factors for winning in Taekwondo. The purpose of this study was to establish a Taekwondo-specific reactive skill test with single-task and dual-task models. The reliability and validity of the test was examined. The subjects included 12 elite and 12 non-elite male Taekwondo athletes. The elite Taekwondo athletes aged 20.1±0.8 years, with training experience 9.9±2.2 years, height 177.1±4.1 cm, weight 66.9±5 kg, and maximal oxygen uptake 44.9±6.8 ml/kg/min, The non-elite taekwondo athletes aged 20.4±0.7 years, with training time 9.9±2.3 years, height 171.3 ±6.3 cm, weight 73.3±33.3 kg, and maximal oxygen uptake 41.8±7.0 ml/kg/min. The reactive skill test included 4 types of action with 5 repeats of each action in a random order. The action A is a simple task (spin kick), action B is a continuous task (spin kick, spin and reverse spin kick upper upper), action C is also a continuous task (spin kick, spin kick the upper, upper reverse spin, spin kick the upper end of the upper spin and spin-kick against the upper end), action D is a dual-task that contains action C and a light-keyboard secondary task, The pre-motor reaction time, movement time, and reaction time of the second task were measured. The reliability of the test is analyzed by comparing the results on 2 consecutive days. The validity is analyzed by comparing the results from the elite and non-elite subjects. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) suggested at least low levels of correlation in pre-motor time (ICC=0.355-0.804), movement time (0.384-0.958), and secondary task (ICC=0.424-0.686) in both groups. The pre-motor time of the 4 actions in elite athletes were significantly better by 14.0-23.7% than that of non-elite athletes. The reaction time in the secondary task was also significantly better by 37.8% in the elite subjects, comparing to that of the non-elite subjects. The difference in the secondary task was significantly larger in the elite subjects than that in the non-elite athletes. This study shows that, regardless of single or dual-task models, the test has reasonable reliability and validity. In addition, the dual-task model may be a more appropriate way to assess the reaction ability of Taekwondo athletes.