Publication:

現代同志運動員之社會認同與定位：一個質的觀點

多元文化影響下，現代社會如何形塑以及營造運動員之同志身份，以及週遭局外人對於同志運動員的認知與態度，影響其如何重新定位自我成為本研究動機。本研究透過質性研究的實物收集及深度訪談作為資料收集的方法，欲了解社會運動、社會媒體以及運動場域如何營造同志，進而影響週遭局外人之認知與態度。研究對象為訪談以及實物收集：實物收集對象為2010/9/1至2013/5/31四大報紙新聞；訪談對象為4名同志運動員，以及13名仍持續接觸同志運動員之週遭局外人組成的4組焦點團體。

經由資料分析過程，本研究結果如下：

一、相互交流的橋梁－社會活動

社會相關活動的出現給予了社會新衝擊，而週遭局外人認為必須不影響社會主流觀點，以及不激進改變現有社會主流的各項權益，不困擾的前提下，才得以被尊重與接納。

二、媒體效應

媒體投遞出的資訊，週遭局外人會以自身價值觀篩選後，才決定是否接及認同該訊息，當合乎社會主流，就會被接受；而偏離主流價值觀的行為，加上媒體放大偏見，則會導致週遭局外人對於同志的觀感動搖。

三、運動場域裡我是誰？

週遭局外人透過觀察，與刻版印象做連結，進而分辨誰為同志運動員。同志運動員透過保護色的形塑，並以運動表現提升自身的價值。週遭局外人看重運動表現，當優異表現是值得被讚揚及欣賞，個人私生活與運動表現是兩回事。

四、不容跨越的底線－潛規則

週遭局外人對於同志的態度沒有明顯正負之分，而是選擇尊重及接納，會刻意避免過多近距離的肢體接觸，不跨越彼此之間的距離與潛規則即可。

The main purpose of this study is to explore how does the modern society shape up the identity of homosexual athletes under the influence of multiculturalism, in addition to how the cognition and attitude of outsiders can affect how these athletes reposition themselves. By applying the method of both physical collection of qualitative research and in-depth interviews, this study aims to explore how social movements, social medial and sports field shape up the image of homosexual athletes; thereby affecting the perception and attitudes for outsiders. The subjects were through interviewing and material collection: interviewees were 4 homosexual athletes along with four focus groups compiling of 13 comrades who keeps contact with homosexual athletes.

Through the data analysis, the results of this study can be summarized per below:

1.A mutual “bridge-exchange” – social activities

The emergence of community activities have given new social impact, which does not affect the surrounding outsiders’ mainstream society; alongside the non-mainstream radical change concerning social interests have existed; hence this premise does not seem to be troubled or challenged with the consideration that respect and acceptance are in place.

2.Media effect

Whenever media delivers information, outsiders who screen such information tend to accept or agree with the message after they justify with their own values. If the message is in line with the mainstream values, most likely the message would be accepted; however if the message seems to convey behavior that deviates from the mainstream values, such tends to reflect that the perception of the outsiders would be affected especially when media amplify the message with bias.

3.Who am I in the sports field?

Surrounding outsiders tend to link observation along with stereotypes to distinguish homosexual athletes. Homosexual athletes tend to enhance their personal values by sport performances and the protective coloration of shaping. Outsiders would value around athletic performances, hence when outstanding performance is achieved, such would be praised and appreciated; as a result, personal life and athletic performances remain two different issues

4.Not to cross the bottom line – the unspoken rule

There seems to be no significant positivity or negativity towards homosexual athletes from an outsider’s perspective, instead the key point relies on choosing to respect and acceptance, this can deliberately avoid close physical contact, hence no border lines are crossed for the distance of the unspoken rules.