Publication:

高齡者運動自我效能與體能狀況之研究

本研究主要的目的在探討高齡者運動自我效能與功能性體適能的關係，利用「運動自我效能量表」(Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale，簡稱ESES)及「功能性體適能檢測」(Functional Fitness Assessment)來分析高齡者(seniors)之體能狀況及影響其參與運動行為的因素。研究中，以台中地區社區活動型之健康高齡者為受試對象，在ESES問卷施測後，進行填寫「健康狀況問卷」(Medial History/Health Habits Questionnaire)與「體能活動適應能力問卷」(Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire)，並參考ACSM的風險評估方法(risk stratification)，篩選(screening)出符合收案條件之受試者後，再請其簽署體適能檢測受試者同意書(informed consent)，並進行「功能性體適能檢測」。功能性體適能檢測項目包括：連續坐椅站立測驗(chair stand test)、肱二頭肌屈舉測驗(arm curl test)、2分鐘抬膝測驗(2-minute step test)、坐椅體前伸(chair sit-and reach test)、抓背測驗(back scratch test)及八英呎繞物測驗(8-foot up-and-go test)。本研究共計收有79名受試者資料，經描述性統計、皮爾森積差相關等統計方法分析，結果發現：(1)高齡者對於運動的態度是接近很喜歡的，運動時的感覺是輕鬆的程度，平均每週運動2-3次，每次運動時間大約20-30分鐘，但其認為每週2-3次的運動次數不代表規律運動。(2)整體高齡者認為運動可顯著提供休閒娛樂、增加身體健康、增進人際關係、減少情緒壓力、幫助生活技能以及中等程度的提升運動適能。(3)體重過重或肥胖者，對於運動在各方面效能上的看法皆是負面的。本研究結果可有助於高齡者的家人及專業運動指導員，更了解高齡者參與運動的問題，並可提供政府或民間團體制定老年人運動相關政策之參考。

The purpose for this study is to investigate the relationship between Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale and functional fitness. By adopting Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES) and Functional Fitness Assessment, the senior’s fitness status was examined as well as the influential factors of their attendance for exercises. The subjects for this study are community-active-type seniors who live in Taichung. After the subjects were tested by ESES, they were asked to fill-in the Medial History/Health Habits Questionnaire and Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire. Subsequently, according to ACSM’s risk stratification, the qualified subjects were screened and asked to sign informed consent. The qualified subjects were performed functional fitness tests including chair stand test, arm curl test, 2-minute step test, chair sit-and reach test, back scratch test, and 8-foot up-and-go test. Seventy-nine subjects were examined in this study. After analyzing by descriptive statistics and Pearson product-moment correlation, three main results were reached: (1) the seniors’ attitude for exercise is closed to “like to do exercise”. They usually exercise 20 to 30 minutes per time and two to three times per week. Usually, the intensity of their exercise is light. However, they consider that two to three times per week was not exercise regularly. (2) The seniors believed that exercise could provide entertainment, increase physical health, enhance relationships, reduce emotional stress, help to build up life skills as well as to improve physical fitness moderately. (3) The people who are over-weight or obesity gave negative perspectives for all aspect of doing exercises. The result of this study could help the families of seniors and professional exercise instructor to deeply understand the problem for seniors to do exercises. Furthermore, the result could be provided as a reference for senior-related policy making of government and private sectors.