Publication:

美國政府部門的休閒服務職責及其行政機構之研究

中文摘要

美國政府部門的休閒服務職責，是由聯邦、州與地方政府共同負責。為了瞭解並釐清這三個層級政府的休閒服務職責及其行政機構，本研究採用歷史研究法與文獻分析法，針對美國政府部門進行資料的蒐集、整理、分析、歸納、比較與詮釋。結論如下：

一、美國政府的存在價值完全依歸在保障人民的生存、自由與幸福的權利上。因此，有義務提供休閒服務，豐富人民生活，立法及修改休閒法令，提供休閒經費補助，設置休閒相關機構，處理休閒事務，且由聯邦政府領導，州政府與地方政府共同執行。

二、聯邦政府主導國家休閒政策，領導各層級政府，指導及維護美國國民享受休閒，並提供追求快樂幸福的優質生活之責任。

三、州政府在聯邦政府的領導與監督下，執行休閒服務職責。有權變更地方政府的權力結構與運作範圍，有義務將國家休閒政策貫徹至地方政府，並協助其執行休閒職責。

四、地方政府根據州政府執行國家休閒政策，而設立休閒服務機構，主要任務是具體落實休閒政策，直接提供休閒資源、機會與服務於當地居民。

美國政府採取聯邦制度是以分權為原則。因此，聯邦、州和地方政府得於各自管轄之範疇內，享有相互合作卻各自獨立的關係。所以，美國政府一切施政作為，以達到「增進全民之福利」為宗旨。

ABSTRACT

Federal, state and local governments carried out the primary responsibilities of recreation services by governmental sectors in America. The methods of this study included historical research and documentary analysis in order to concluded the responsibility areas of the recreation services and its administrative organizations at the three governmental levels respectively. The information and literature on governmental sectors of America were collected, rearranged, analyzed, generalized, compared, and interpreted. Findings were as following:

1.The existent value of the American government is to protect the right of each individual’s life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. For this reason, American government provides worthy recreation services to enrich the life of the total community through enacting legislations, aiding to grant, creating agencies, and managing recreational affairs of the nation, which are guided by the federal government and implemented by both state and local governments.

2.The federal government guides the nation’s recreational policies, leads other levels of governments, maintains the American people’s enjoyment of recreation and takes responsibility of providing an opportunity to pursue a high quality of life.

3.Under the leading and supervision of the federal government, state governments perform their responsibilities to the recreation services. State governments have the authority to direct local governments’ administrative structure and operational range. State governments also carry the duty to deliver the nation’s recreational policies to local governments and offer assistance to implement the recreation services.

4.Based on the nation’s recreational policies performed by state governments, local governments created agencies for recreation services. The primary missions of these agencies are to fulfill recreational policies concretely, and provide recreational resources, opportunities, and services to local people directly.

The American government takes federalism, and is based on principle of separation of powers; therefore, federal, state and local governments share costs, tasks, and responsibilities of the recreation services. All levels of government play the role of enacting policies, coordination, and enforcement respectively. They all come to the mission of promoting people’s welfare.