Publication:

台灣優秀舉重选手生理生化監控之研究

本研究目的在於探討擬定科學化訓練，以生理生化指標來建立訓練模式，從而提高訓練水準以及舉重選手訓練後CK活性值、BUN濃度的變化情形和舉重選手經過兩週大運動量和睪固酮、皮質醇的變化情形。本研究對象為6位在國家訓練中心準備2006杜哈亞運培訓的優秀舉重選手，平均年齡23.3±3.2，受試者必須配合完成所安排的訓練課表。對肌酸激酶(Creatine Kinase；CK)與尿素氮(BUN)的血液生化值持續兩週的監控，於每日清晨八點進行指尖採血。每週的星期一進行靜脈採血5mL，對血睪酮(testosterone)與皮質醇(cortisol)的濃度進行分析，持續三週,均由國訓中心合格檢驗師採血。本研究結果顯示：經過兩週的大運動量，CK在統計上有達顯著，CK值ㄧ般作為選手受傷與否和訓練強度的指標，而舉重選手的CK則因個人有很大的差異，因此需對選手作長時間的監控與了解，不能以單一ㄧ次的CK值作為受傷與否的指標。同時以CK值作為選手訓練強度的指標時，應以選手個別的變化程度為判斷依據。BUN在統計未達顯著，舉重選手訓練前後BUN的數值並不會有很大的變化且都在正常範圍值，顯示受試者對教練的訓練量都可接受；或是以BUN作為舉重選手訓練負荷量的指標並不明顯。T/C的比值，兩位女選手在第一週訓練前T/C平均值為(4.01±0.79)，但經過第二週的大運動量後，T/C變化有下降的現象，第三週小運動量後，T/C變化有所上升。四位男選手在第一週訓練前T/C平均值為(35.95±10.30)，經過第一週大運動量後，T/C值有下降，在第三週小運動量後，T/C值有達顯著。顯示為避免選手在訓練期間造成過度訓練，而影響運動表現，監控T/C的必要性不可忽視，評定選手機能狀態和科學化運動訓練均有實質意義；也顯示T/C的比值與在非耐力型運動成明顯的相關性。本研究發現，通過科學的生理、生化指標評定負荷強度，不僅能防止運動傷害和過度疲勞的產生，而且能有效提高訓練的效果。

The current study investigates the establishment of scientific training through models from physiological and biochemical indicators to enhance training quality. It also discusses the change in CK active value and BUN concentration after training, as well as the change in testosterone and cortisol after two weeks of intensive exercise. The subjects of this study are 6 elite weightlifters preparing for the 2006 Doha Asian Games at the national training center. The average age of the athletes is 23.3±3.2. They must receive and complete the training according to the schedule arranged. The blood biochemical values of Creatine Kinase (CK) and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) are monitored for two consecutive weeks by daily blood sampling at eight in the morning. Each Monday analysis of hormonal concentration of blood testosterone and cortisol is carried out on the 5mL of venal blood collected in the vessel containing EDTA for three weeks and all procedure is performed by certified technologists at the national training center. The difference of the values of CK, BUN, testosterone, and cortisol at different times are compared. These findings show that after two weeks of large amount of exercise, the presence of CK is statistically significant. The value of CK value is generally used as the indicator as to whether the athlete is injured and the intensity of training, but weightlifters’ CK level varies individually. Therefore it is essential to understand and monitor individual athletes for a substantial period of time and not using a single CK value to determine if the athlete is injured. Meanwhile, when deciding the training intensity based on the CK values, the degree of athletes’ individual change should be taken into consideration. BUN has not reached the statistically significant level, and its values for the weightlifters before and after training are within the normal range value, showing that the amount of training received for the test subjects is acceptable, or the load of training displayed by the BUN indicator is not obvious. As for the T/C ratio, two female athletes have a T/C mean value of (4.01±0.79) before the first week of training, and there is not much change during the first week. But after the second week’s large amount of exercise, T/C appears to be dropping, and T/C is on the rise after small amount of exercise in the third week. Four male athletes have a T/C mean value of (35.95±10.30) before the first week of training, and T/C value drops after intensive exercising in the first week, and T/C value is significantly high after the third week of small amount of exercise. It is shown that in order to avoid excessive training for the athletes and hence affecting their performance, monitoring of T/C is indispensable; evaluation of the athletes’ functional condition and scientific sports training are also essential; It also demonstrates the relevance of the T/C ratio and non-endurance sports. This study reveals that through scientific evaluation of endurance intensity by the physiological and biochemical indicators, not only can one prevent injuries and fatigue in physical exercises, but one can also enhance the effectiveness of training.