Publication:

大專女子跳高運動員助跑最後二步和起跳動作之生物力學分析

本研究目的在於探討大專女子跳高運動員助跑最後二步和起跳動作的特徵。以102年全國大專校院運動會公開女子組跳高前八名運動員為研究對象，利用二部攝影機拍攝比賽過程，使用動作分析系統進行影片數位化處理，獲得三度空間的運動學數據。研究結果發現全體受試者的技術特徵為助跑最後二步步幅縮短、步頻增加、助跑最後二步助跑速度增加、助跑與起跳的重心速度較慢、起跳後的內傾角度過大、起跳腳著地瞬間的身體重心高度略低，且在起跳階段垂直速度變化和成績達顯著相關。研究總結，全體受試者的助跑速度明顯較慢，雖然起跳垂直速度增加，但因為助跑階段的水平速度不足以轉換成更多的垂直速度，加上全體受試者沒有將助跑的內傾姿勢維持直到起跳結束而影響到起跳角度與垂直高度。因此運動員應改善助跑速度與起跳時的身體傾斜角度，來獲得更多的垂直高度，以提升成績表現。

The purpose of this study was to discuss the characteristics of the last two-steps of approach and takeoff in university female high jumpers. In this study, top eight female high jumpers of National Intercollegiate Athletic Games in 2013 were selected as participants. The Games were filmed by two cameras and the system of action analysis was used to process digital film to obtain 3D kinematics data. The results showed that all participants had the same pattern of shortening stride length, increasing stride frequency and increasing velocity for the last two steps of approach. Besides, the velocity of center of mass for approach and takeoff was slower. In addition, the inward lean angle was too large after taking off. The body of center of mass height at the instant of touchdown of the takeoff leg was slightly low. The present study also found that the variation of vertical velocity in takeoff phase was significantly correlated with sport performance. In summary, all the participants’ velocity of approach was obviously slower. Although the vertical velocity of takeoff was increased, the horizontal velocity of approach was not enough to transform into vertical velocity. Also, all the participants did not maintain the inward lean until the end of takeoff. As a result, the takeoff angle and vertical height was affected. Therefore, athletes should improve velocity of approach and the angle of body lean at takeoff in order to obtain vertical height and enhance sports performance.