Publication:

短跑訓練對跳馬助跑之影響

中文摘要

本研究的目的是透過短跑訓練的介入與高頻測速槍的即時回饋，探討跳馬助跑姿勢修正後對助跑過程的運動學參數之影響。2002年亞運培訓的八位男子體操運動員，經過每週五次、每次二十分鐘共為期六週的短跑訓練介入，訓練期間又輔以LDM 300C高頻測速槍（100Hz）記錄分析並回饋實驗參加者實施前手翻團身前空翻及個人最高起評分動作的助跑全程運動學參數。每隔二週共四次，收集獲得之運動學參數經重複量數單因子變異數分析與杜凱法進行統計分析，統計的顯著水準定為ㄐ?05。研究結果顯示短跑訓練的介入後，體操運動員在實施個人最高起評分動作時的跳馬助跑最大速度由8.54 ± 0.37m/s顯著提升至8.89 ±0.22m/s（p<.05，η2 =.717），產生助跑最大速度離馬距離由4.07 ± 1.11m縮短至2.59 ± 0.65m（p<.05，η2 =.562）；在踏板速度方面，經過短跑訓練的介入後，體操運動員在實施個人最高起評分動作時的踏板速度由7.05 ± 0.44m/s顯著提升至8.21 ± 0.26m/s（p<.05，η2 =.726）；在踏板前5m的速度變化方面，體操運動員在實施個人最高起評分動作時的踏板前5m減速部分由-0.71 ± 0.44m/s改變至0.29 ± 0.44m/s（p<.05，η2 =.546）；運動員在步幅與步頻方面亦有顯著的變化（p<.05）。經過六週的短跑訓練後，不僅對於跳馬動作技術的提升有所助益，對其他項目亦產生提升的效果，例如：地板前空翻系列的動作。且訓練時間安排在做操前對運動員的熱身亦有正面之效果。

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in kinematical parameters for vault approach through the intervention of sprint training and the instantaneous feedback of run-up kinematical information. Eight male gymnasts who training for the 2002 Asian Games were served as the participants and were intervened the sprint training for 20 minutes five times a week over six weeks. Laser Distance Measurement 300C system (100Hz) was used to record and analyze the full process of vault approach kinematics data about the performance of handspring/salto vault (HS) and the gymnast’s highest value performance (HV). The velocity information was been feedback instantly to the participants after every measurement. Every two weeks of the kinematical data, with four times in total, was analyzed by repeated measures one-way ANOVA and honestly significant difference with an alpha level of .05. The results showed that the peak velocity for the approach of HV performance was significantly increased after sprint training (p<.05, η2=.717, from 8.54 ± 0.37m/s to 8.89 ±□ 0.22m/s), and the peak velocity was significantly closing in to horse from 4.07 ± 1.11m to 2.59 ± 0.65m (p<.05, η2=.562). The velocity changes before five meter from board to the board contact was also significantly shift from -0.71 ± 0.44m/s to 0.29 ± 0.44m/s (p<.05, η2=.546) after sprint training. The characteristics of stride rate and stride length were showed significant alternation after sprint training (p<.05). The changes of kinematical parameters through sprint training not only enhanced the approach velocity and performance quality, but also effect to the related movements for example front salto on floor. Furthermore, the sprint training program has the positive effect for warming up.