Publication:

探討補充支鏈胺基酸與精胺酸對優秀女子手球選手連續兩天模擬比賽運動表現之影響

支鏈胺基酸 (branched-chain amino acids，BCAA) 與精胺酸 (arginine, Arg) 具有多重生理功能。運動前補充BCAA可能可減少色氨酸進入腦部，降低腦部血清素合成，進而延緩中樞疲勞；亦可能促進肌肉蛋白質合成，並降低肌肉損傷。運動前補充精胺酸可能可增加一氧化氮 (nitric oxide) 合成，刺激血管擴張及增加血流量，加速乳酸與氨的代謝。本研究探討補充BCAA與Arg，對優秀大學女性手球選手連續兩天手球模擬比賽之運動表現及運動後肌肉損傷的影響。以8名國立臺灣體育運動大學女子手球代表隊為研究對象，採隨機交叉設計，每次測試為期二天，每天包含一次模擬比賽做為運動測試。於運動測試前一小時補充0.17g/kg BCAA與0.04g/kg Arg (AA測試) 或安慰劑 (安慰劑測試) ，並於運動測試前後各進行反應測試。運動測試以間歇性運動型態模擬手球比賽，上、下半場各30分鐘，中間休息10分鐘，每2分鐘進行1次20公尺衝刺並計時，做為運動表現指標，計算每5趟20公尺衝刺平均時間，並計算改變率；中場休息及運動後皆詢問自覺量表 （ratings of perceived exertion，RPE） 。於第一天運動前、後及運動後2小時與第二天運動前、後採取靜脈血液樣本，分析血漿肌酸激酶、乳酸脫氫酶、乳酸、氨、尿素、葡萄糖、甘油、游離脂肪酸、睪固酮與可體松濃度。AA測試在第二天第26-30趟的衝刺時間顯著低於安慰劑測試；與第一天相比，第二天每5趟20公尺衝刺時間改變率，AA測試於第21-25趟與第26-30趟顯著低於安慰劑測試；血液各肌肉損傷與能量代謝指標，以及RPE結果，在兩測試間則無顯著差異。本研究顯示，於手球運動前一小時補充BCAA與Arg，可能可以提升第二天運動後期的衝刺運動表現，但對運動期間能量代謝與肌肉損傷無顯著影響，對自覺疲勞程度及運動後認知與反應功能亦無顯著影響，BCAA及Arg提升運動表現的機轉需要進一步研究。

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and arginine (Arg) have multiple physiological functions. BCAA could reduce cerebral uptake of tryptophan, resulting in decreased serotonin synthesis in the brain and during exercise. Therefore, BCAA supplementation could alleviate exercise-induced central fatigue. BCAA could also increase muscle protein synthesis and prevent exercise-induced muscle damage. The supplement of Arg before exercise could increase the synthesis of nitric oxide and vasodilation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the combination of BCAA and Arg on exercise performance and muscle damage in 2 consecutive days of simulated match in elite collegiate female handball players. This study used a randomized cross-over design. Eight subjects consumed 0.17g /kg BCAA and 0.04g /kg Arg (AA trial) or placebo (placebo trial) before exercise. The simulated handball match is composed of 2 30-min halves with 10 min rest in between. The subjects made a 20 m sprint every 2 min. The average time of the intermittent sprints in simulated matches was used as the indicator of exercise performance. Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) were recorded prior and after the simulated match. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after the simulated match on both days, and 2 hr post-exercise on day 1. The serum concentrations of creatinine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, lactate, ammonia, glucose, glycerol, free fatty acid, testosterone and cortisol were measured. The average time in sprint 26-30 on day 2 was significantly lower in the AA trial. The percent change of time in sprint 21-25 and 26-30 between day 1 and day 2 were also significantly lower in the AA trial. However, serum markers of muscle damage and metabolism were not different between the 2 trials. RPE scores were similar between the trials. This study suggested that pre-exercise supplementation of BCAA and Arg could improve the performance in intermittent sprint on the second half of day 2 in 2 consecutive days of exercise. Nevertheless, the supplementation has no effect on muscle damage, energy metabolism, and perceived fatigue. The mechanism in which BCAA and Arg improve intermittent sprint performance requires further investigation.