Publication:

急停跳對垂直跳表現的影響

本研究主要目的在探討不同距離跳躍對垂直跳表現的影響，並進一步分析下肢運動學與動力學特徵的差異。實驗以16名大專體育系學生（平均身高169.5 ± 4.5公分、體重67.8 ± 7.0公斤與年齡20.7 ± 1.4歲）為自願的實驗參加者，並要求實驗參加者隨機方式執行原地垂直跳、0.5 m及1 m急停垂直跳等三種工作。研究以VICON三度空間影像分析系統（MX-F40, 200Hz）與Kistler測力板（9260AA6, 1000Hz）同步收集動作過程的運動學與動力學資料，並使用VICON Nexus 1.6.1版軟體分析跳躍過程下肢各關節位移、速度、力量、力矩等運動學與動力學參數，統計方法係使用重複量數單因子變異數分析，與HSD法事後比較進行統計考驗（α= .05）。研究結果顯示，著地瞬間的水平速度隨著距離的增加而提昇（p < .05），但是跳躍高度未隨著距離的增加而提昇（p > .05）。在下蹲階段時，下肢各關節的工作範圍、下蹲速度與時間有顯著差異（ps < .05），且在蹬伸階段，髖關節力矩、膝關節力矩與踝關節功率有顯著差異（p < .05）。急停跳躍工作時間也明顯較原地垂直跳快。上述結果說明個體的垂直跳動作因前躍距離而具有著地速度的差異，造成著地下蹲動作階段產生較高的關節活動範圍與角速度，致使髖關節與膝關節有較大的力矩來穩定下肢工作，以協調後續的垂直跳動作。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of horizontal distance on vertical jump performance and further analyzed change of the tasks constrain to the lower extremity kinematics and kinetics. Sixteen college students were served as the participants for this study. Their height were 170 ± 4.5cm, body weight were 68 ± 7.0 kg and age were 21.0 ± 1.4 years old, respectively. Every participant was asked to perform vertical jump, 0.5 m broad jump and 1 m broad jump task. Ground reaction forces and three-dimensional data were synchronized to acquire by Kistler force platform (9260AA6, 1000Hz) and VICON system (MX-F40, 200Hz). Used software Nexus (version: 1.6.1) to analysis marker trajectory, force, and moment of lower extremity. The repeated measured one way ANOVA and HSD post-hoc were used to test the statistical differences of three vertical jump tasks condition ( = .05). The result showed that horizontal velocity of landing were significantly (p < .05), but there were no significantly on jumping performance (p > .05). In squat phase, lower extremity joints were both increased on joint range of motion, angular velocity and squat time with distance significantly (p < .05). In push off phase, there were significantly on hip moment, knee moment and ankle power (p < .05). It indicated that the performer increased landing velocity under different distances of broad jumping, and produced higher joint range of motion and angular velocity during squat phase. However, the duration of squat phase showed broad jumps were shorter than counter movement jump.