Publication:

補充支鏈胺基酸與精胺酸對連續二天手球運動表現及肌肉損傷之影響

支鏈胺基酸 (branched-chain amino acids，BCAA) 與精胺酸 (arginine, Arg) 具有多重生理功能，補充BCAA可能可降低色胺酸進入腦部合成血清素，進而延緩中樞疲勞，亦可能促進肌肉蛋白質合成，並降低肌肉損傷；補充精胺酸可能可增加一氧化氮 (nitric oxide, NO) 合成，刺激血管擴張及增加血流量，加速乳酸與氨的代謝。本研究目的為探討補充BCAA與Arg，對連續二天手球模擬比賽運動表現及肌肉損傷血液指標之影響。以15名國立臺灣體育學院男子手球代表隊為研究對象，採隨機交叉設計，每次測試為期二天，每天進行一次運動測試。於運動測試前一小時補充0.17g/kg BCAA與0.04g/kg Arg (AA trial) 或安慰劑 (placebo trial)，且運動前、後皆進行反應測試。運動測試以間歇性運動型態模擬手球比賽，上、下半場各30分鐘，中間休息10分鐘，每2分鐘進行1次20公尺衝刺並計時，中場休息及運動後皆詢問自覺量表 (Rating of Perceived Exertion, RPE)。於第一天運動前、後及運動後2小時，與第二天運動前、後，採取靜脈血液樣本，分析血漿中肌酸激酶、乳酸脫氫酶、乳酸、氨、尿素、葡萄糖、甘油與非酯化脂肪酸濃度。兩次測試之每五趟衝刺平均時間，與第二天相較於第一天的改變率、反應時間及RPE，以相依樣本T檢定進行分析，血液樣本以重複量數二因子變異數分析。結果顯示，AA trial於第21-25趟衝刺平均時間改變率顯著小於placebo trial (-1.085±0.8% vs 0.535±0.5%，p<0.05)，AA trial第二天RPE顯著低於placebo trial (14.9±0.4 vs 16.1±0.5，p<0.05)。AA trial 第二天運動後反應時間顯著快於placebo trial (p<0.05)。AA trial血漿中氨濃度於第一天運動後與第二天運動後顯著高於placebo trial (p<0.001)，肌酸激酶、乳酸脫氫酶、乳酸、尿素、葡萄糖、甘油與非酯化脂肪酸濃度在trial之間則無顯著差異。本研究顯示攝取BCAA與Arg可能可以促進連續手球比賽第二天的運動表現，降低RPE得分，以及有較快的反應時間，顯示可能可以延緩中樞疲勞，但對降低運動後乳酸、氨及肌肉損傷程度則無顯著影響。

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and arginine (Arg) have multiple physiological functions that may improve exercise performance. BCAA supplementation could suppress central fatigue by reducing the entry of tryptophan, the precursor for serotonin, to the brain. BCAA can also stimulate muscle protein synthesis and reduce skeletal muscle damage. Arg supplementation may stimulate endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDVD) and blood flow by increasing nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Arg may also reduce the exercise-induced blood lactate and ammonia accumulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of BCAA and ARG supplementation on performance and muscle damage markers in two consecutive days of handball games. Fifteen male handball athletes of National Taiwan College of Physical Education were recruited as the subjects. The study used a randomized cross-over design. Each trial contained two days. The subjects consumed either 0.17 g/kg BCAA and 0.04 g/kg Arg (AA trial) or placebo (PLA trial) 1 hour before the exercise test. The exercise test was a simulated handball game with 30 min in each half and a 10-min rest in between. A 20-m sprint was performed every 2 min. The Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) was recorded during the half-time and after the game. Blood samples were collected from the antecubital vein before, after, and 2 hours after the first exercise test, and before and after the second test.The plasma concentrations of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lactate, ammonia, urea, glucose, glycerol, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were measured. The average time of 5 sprints, percent change compared to Day 1, reaction time, and RPE scores were analyzed by paired-T test. The plasma concentrations of the variables were analyzed by two-way repeated measurement ANOVA. The percent change in sprint 21-25 in Day 2 in AA trial was significantly lower than PLA trial (-1.085±0.8% vs 0.535±0.5%, p<0.05). RPE on Day 2 in AA trial was significantly lower than that in PLA trial (14.9±0.4 vs 16.1±0.5, p<0.05). Reaction time after exercise in Day 2 in AA trial was significantly faster than that in PLA trial (p<0.05). Plasma NH3 concentrations after exercise in Day 1 and 2 in AA trial were significantly higher than those in PLA trial (p<0.001). There were no difference in the concentrations of CK, LDH, lactate, urea, glucose, glycerol, and NEFA between the 2 trials. In conclusion, this study suggested that BCAA and Arg supplementation may improve the performance on the second day by decreasing RPE scores and improving reaction time, indicating the suppressed central fatigue, Nevertheless, the supplementation had no effect on plasma concentrations of lactate, ammonia, and muscle damage markers after exercise.