Publication:

優秀青年手球選手賽季間專項體能及生理變化之研究

本研究目的是研究優秀青年手球選手在一個賽季中的專項體能、生理變化。受試者是以95年全國師生盃手球錦標賽，高中男子組前六名隊伍為本研究的研究對象，參與本研究的學校包括麗山高中、海山高中、文山高中及三民家商四所學校，共76位受試者，所有受試者身體心理狀況皆在健康及正常的情況下參與本研究；本研究分別在賽季中的過渡階段、準備階段及比賽階段進行選手專項體能、生理測驗，項目包括體型測量(身高、BMI)，專項體能測驗項目(15公尺衝刺、垂直跳、握力、背肌力、十步跳、手球擲遠、手球球速及節奏跑)及唾液分析。研究結果顯示賽季間專項體能慣用手握力、背肌力、手球擲遠及節奏跑有顯著進步，十步跳及15公尺衝刺顯著退步，其他非慣用手握力、立定投擲、跨步投擲及垂直跳在賽季間則無顯著差異；不同專長位置控球和中樞球員、左右翼和中樞球員在體重及BMI有顯著差異，在身高及體脂肪率並無顯著差異；荷爾蒙在賽季間的反應，睪固酮(Testosterone，T)在過渡期到準備期顯著減少，皮質醇(Cortisol，C)在過渡期到比賽期顯著增加，睪固酮/皮質醇(T/C)比率在過渡期到準備期、過渡期到比賽期顯著減少。本研究顯示優秀青年手球選手賽季間專項體能慣用手握力、非慣用手握力、背肌力、手球擲遠、立定投擲及跨步投擲測驗在比賽期達最佳成績，十步跳及15公尺衝刺則顯示退步的趨勢，節奏跑測驗在準備期達最佳，不同專長位置的體型中樞球員體重與BMI比控球及左右翼球員顯著為重，身高守門員最高，其次是左右鋒及左右翼，最後才是中樞，睪固酮與皮質醇濃度在賽季間隨著訓練強度及量的增加而明顯改變，準備期與比賽期T/C比率明顯比過渡期低且下降幅度超過30%，代表本研究的受試者有恢復不足或過度訓練現象。

The aim of this study was to investigate specific fitness and physiology profile in elite young male handball players during a season. Subjects were recruited from four high school handball teams which were finished on top 6 of 2006 National Teacher-Student Cup Championship. Seventy-six male subjects were completed the tests in three stages: transition stage, preparatory stage and competition stage, during the season. Subject were asked to perform specific fitness tests (body mass index, body fat, 15m sprint, vertical jump, grasp strength, back strength, ten-step jump, handball throw and shuttle run) and to give their saliva samples for hormones, testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) analysis. The results showed that the habitual hand grasp strength, back strength, handball throw distance, and shuttle run were significantly improved during the season. Ten-step jump and 15m sprint were significantly gradually degeneracy during the season. There were no differences in body mass index, body fat, non-habitual hand grasp strength, handball throw velocity and vertical jump during the season.

Saliva T concentrations at transition stage was lower than at preparatory stage. Saliva C concentrations were significantly higher in competition stage than that of transition stage. The testosterone-to-cortisol (T/C) ratios were gradually decreased from transition stage through preparatory stage to competition stage. Our data suggested that the specific fitness of were gradually improved during the season in habitual hand grasp strength, back strength, handball throw distance, and shuttle run but not in ten-step jump and 15m sprint in elite young handball players. The T/C ratios were decreased over 30% from transition stage to competition stage which might indicate insufficient recovery time during the seasonal training.