Publication:

跆拳道教練領導行為與選手運動競賽壓力之研究

過多的競賽壓力可能會影響選手的比賽成績。教練的領導行為也會影響團隊成員的壓力。因此本研究的研究目的為探討不同教練領導行為與選手運動競賽壓力之關係。本研究以參加2009年苗栗縣所舉行之全國中等學校運動會跆拳道項目團體前四名隊伍之選手為研究對象，給予填寫由運動心理學專家制訂的「跆拳道教練領導行為與選手運動競賽壓力研究問卷」，問卷先進行預試，之後透過項目分析、因素分析與信度分析，以測試問卷的信度與效度。結果顯示目前選手在其所知覺教練領導行為中以「權變報酬」為主要的帶領方式（3.78 ± 0.85）。選手在其所知覺選手運動競賽壓力中，以特質性焦慮為最主要的壓力來源（3.56 ± 0.88）。不同運動年資選手所知覺的運動競賽壓力中，主要受到「環境壓力」、「觀眾壓力」、「教練壓力」、「隊友壓力」與「比賽結果壓力」的影響，且不同運動年資的選手也會因為年資的不同，對於競賽壓力的知覺有顯著差異（p<0.001）。而女性受訪選手的壓力會深受到教練以及隊友的影響（p＝0.001 & p<0.001）。本研究的結果顯示不同背景變項知覺教練領導行為之差異及運動競賽壓力上皆有所差異，且教練領導行為可有效預測選手運動競賽壓力。

The excess of competition stress may influence athletes exercise performance. In addition, the leadership style of taekwondo coaches may also influence teammate’s competition stress. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the leadership style of taekwondo coaches and the competition stress. We investigated the ranked 1st to 4th of the 2009 nationwide senior high school games athletes, who completed the taekwondo competition. We invited specialist in sport psychology to organization a “the questionnaire of the leadership style of taekwondo coaches and the competition stress”. This questionnaire was preceded with a pilot study to proof of reliability and validity. The result shown that athlete perception of the leadership style of taekwondo coaches was flexible reward (3.78 ±0.85). Athlete perception of the competition stress was trait anxiety (3.56 ± 0.88). Furthermore, athlete perception of the leadership style of taekwondo coaches may not different between the genders of taekwondo athlete (p>0.05). In addition, the different seniorities of taekwondo athlete perception of the competition stress were environment’s stress, spectator’s stress, coach’s stress, teammate’s stress, and the stress of the result of competition. The different seniorities of taekwondo athlete may result in different perception of the competition stress (p<0.001). Moreover, the perception of competition stress may be influenced by coach’s stress and teammate’s stress in female taekwondo athlete (p=0.001 & p<0.001, respectively). The current results suggested that the trait anxiety is a principal cause of competition stress and it may be influenced by different seniorities and genders.