Publication:

手球運動員的等速肌力與射門表現

本研究的主要目的係以等速肌力測量系統，對優秀手球運動員進行肘關節與膝關節肌力診斷，並就上肢與下肢等速肌力預測手球射門球速的關係進行探討。實驗以優秀手球運動員男生27人與女生14人為參與者，經Biodex System 4 Pro等速肌力測驗系統，記錄實驗參加者肘關節與膝關節在30 deg/s、60 deg/s、120 deg/s、180 deg/s負荷下之向心工作肌力與爆發力，並以Vicon Motus 9.2.0數位化分析實驗參與者罰球射門、原地垂直跳躍射門與助跑射門的出手球速，再以重複量數單因子變異數分析、多元迴歸分析等統計方法進行資料的處理（ = .05）。結果發現手球運動員的肘關節、膝關節肌力與爆發力，在慣用側與非慣用側都沒有顯著差異；在罰球射門、跳躍射門與助跑射門等動作出手瞬間的球速分析方面，三種射門動作出手球速的相關係數約為.624-.791（男生）、.851-.908（女生）（ps < .05），此外，低速高負荷（30deg/s、60deg/s）的肘關節與膝關節肌力與爆發力對罰球射門動作的球速相關達顯著（ps < .05）。以本研究肘關節與膝關節肌力或爆發力對射門球速進行預測的結果顯示，僅有低速高負荷的肘關節（男生）或膝關節（女生）肌力可以解釋罰球射門球速（男生：R2 = .36, F(1, 24) = 13.38, p = .001；女生：R2 = .49, F(1, 12) = 11.52, p = .005），而高速低負荷的肘關節和膝關節肌力與爆發力則不能有效的解釋三種射門動作的出手球速。

The purpose of this study was to assess the elbow and knee strength/power in isokinetic system for elite handball players, and to predict the relationship between strength/power of upper and lower extremity and the throwing velocity of shooting movements. Twenty-seven male handball players and 14 female handball players were recruited for the participants. Biodex System 4 Pro was used to acquire concentric strength/power for elbow and knee under the conditions of 30 deg/s, 60 deg/s, 120 deg/s, and 180 deg/s. Participants were asked to perform the movements of penalty throw (standing throwing), 3-step running throw, and throw following vertical jump. The Vicon Motus v9.2.0 was used to digitize the ball velocities of release. The repeated measure one way ANOVA and the multiple-regression analysis were used to analysis the differences of dominant and non-dominant extremities and to identify the influence of strength/power of joints on the performance of throwing respectively ( = .05). The results showed that there were no differences in elbow and knee strength/power between dominant and non-dominant extremities for handball players. Pearson product-moment correlation analyses showed the correlation coefficients were .624-.791 in male and .851-.908 in female (ps < .05) among the release velocity of three throw movements. But only the correlations of the release velocity of penalty throw and the low speed of high load (30deg/s and 60deg/s) of elbow and knee strength/power were significant (ps < .05). The results of multiple regression analysis of elbow and knee strength/power predicting shooting movements indicated that penalty throwing velocity was validity highly been explained by the low speed of high load of elbow strength in male and knee strength in female (male: R2 = .36, F(1, 24) = 13.38, p = .001; female: R2 = .49, F(1, 12) = 11.52, p = .005). These results lead to the conclusion that the throwing velocity of three shooting movements was unexplained generally by the high speed (low load) isokinetic strength/power of knee and elbow.