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以實驗室情境探討多元成就目標與比賽結果對於動機過程的因果關係
The Effect of Situationally-Emphasised Achievement Goals and Win/Loss on Engagement in a Cycle Ergometer Task
Date Issued
2018-04-18T10:48:57Z
Date
2010-10-29
Abstract
個體在成就情境中如何展現適應性的成就行為,不論是課室為主的教育情境,或是運動場上的競爭情境,都是相關從業人員關注和興趣的焦點。國外學者 Nicholls (1989) 曾經提及,個體在成就情境中,最主要的目標在於展現高能力,並避免展現低能力。因此,個人如何判斷與建構能力的方式,會同時受到外在情境和個人特質的影響,進而對成就行為產生不同的影響 (Duda, 2001; Roberts, 2001)。近來,以教室中學生學習的成就行為聚焦的相關研究者,則採取和運動情境中不同的觀點。教育心理學家Andrew Elliot 和法國學者 Curry 分別以修習心理學的大學生,以及修習體育課的青少年作為研究對象,以實驗室的研究手法,驗證學生因為能力知覺的不同,進而在成就情境中採特定的目標(例如精熟趨近、表現趨近和表現逃避目標)是否會影響成就行為的展現。結果發現,表現趨近和精熟目標的表現,在內在動機、樂趣與努力 (Elliot & Harackiewicz, 1996),和狀態焦慮與工作的重要性(Cury, Da Fonseca, Rufo, Peres, & Sarrazin, 2003)上,均較表現逃避組來的高。但研究中均未針對個體從事工作的能力知覺提供回饋,意味著受試者是無從瞭解個人能力知覺對於成就行為的影響,這在運動情境中,個體不僅能夠展現特定的行為的結果,同時也能清楚觀察到達成結果的過程 (Duda, 1998),明顯不同。 本研究旨在以實驗室的手法,驗證個體在兩次8分鐘的腳踏車競賽中,除了不同成就目標的操弄外(表現趨近和逃避及精熟目標),同時加上結果操弄(雙輸與雙贏),對於成就行為的認知、情意和實際運動表現的影響。相同性別的受試者配對後進行腳踏車的體能測試,以個人35%的預測最大攝氧量為腳踏車的工作負荷,作為公平競賽的設定,進行兩次測試。除了在口頭的目標操弄上部份關鍵字,以及每次比賽時結果不同外,其餘的受試設備、照顧等皆相同。在比賽前後進行包括工作難度、興趣、努力、能力知覺和狀態焦慮及腳踏車工作表現的測量,並以變異數分析進行組間差異的比較,結果預期在不同變項上產生變化。
One aim of this study was to replicate the findings from previous study (Nien, 2007) of the impact of competitive outcome (i.e., winning and losing) on responses during engagement in a physical task when a task/mastery, performance-approach or performance-avoidance goal is emphasized. A second focus was to comparatively examine, across the three achievement goal conditions, the impact of a double defeat. 300 college participants will be randomly assigned to one of three achievement goal and one of two competitive outcome conditions and engaged in two 8 min cycling races against a same sex opponent. Preliminary results revealed an outcome effect on achievement responses in both the performance-approach and performance-avoidance goal conditions but not in the task/mastery goal condition. When faced with two objective failures, participants emphasizing a task/mastery goal exhibited significantly more positive responses than those in the other two goal conditions (who did not significantly differ from each other).
One aim of this study was to replicate the findings from previous study (Nien, 2007) of the impact of competitive outcome (i.e., winning and losing) on responses during engagement in a physical task when a task/mastery, performance-approach or performance-avoidance goal is emphasized. A second focus was to comparatively examine, across the three achievement goal conditions, the impact of a double defeat. 300 college participants will be randomly assigned to one of three achievement goal and one of two competitive outcome conditions and engaged in two 8 min cycling races against a same sex opponent. Preliminary results revealed an outcome effect on achievement responses in both the performance-approach and performance-avoidance goal conditions but not in the task/mastery goal condition. When faced with two objective failures, participants emphasizing a task/mastery goal exhibited significantly more positive responses than those in the other two goal conditions (who did not significantly differ from each other).
Subjects
成就目標; 目標取向; 多元模式; 實驗室研究; 因果關係
achievement goals; goal perspective; multiple goal model; experimental design; cause effect
Description
計畫編號:NSC98-2410-H028-002
研究期間:2009/08/01~2010/07/31
研究期間:2009/08/01~2010/07/31
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