Publication:

運動員生涯轉換-國中運動員22成就目標、自我決定動機與退出意圖、自我設限及幸福感之關係

本研究主要在探討面臨生涯轉換的國中三年級運動員，在轉換到更高競技階段前的心理狀態。研究目的有三：（一）探討22成就目標對退出意圖、自我設限以及幸福感之間的關係；（二）探討自我決定動機（相對自主指數）對退出意圖、自我設限以及幸福感之間的關係；（三）探討22成就目標透過相對自主指數的中介效果，對退出意圖、自我設限以及幸福感的影響。研究對象為臺灣地區的國三體育班學生運動員，共發出230份問卷，剔除漏答題數過多者，有效問卷共217份；其中男生154名、女63名。本研究所用的採用的研究工具為，兒童版運動情境22成就目標量表、運動動機量表、退出意圖量表、自我設限量表及幸福感量表。研究結果顯示：（一）精熟趨近目標、表現趨近目標與退出意圖呈負向關係，精熟逃避、表現逃避目標與退出意圖及自我設限呈正向關係；精熟趨近目標、表現趨近目標與幸福感呈負向關係。（二） RAI 與幸福感呈正向關係、與退出意圖、自我設限呈負向關係。（三）在中介效果中，精熟趨近目標對退出意圖、幸福感的預測中， RAI 扮演著部分中介的效果；精熟逃避目標對退出意圖以及自我設限的預測上， RAI 分別扮演著完全中介的效果與部分中介的效果；在表現趨近目標對退出意圖以及幸福感的預測上， RAI 演著完全中介及部分中介的效果；在表現逃避目標對退出意圖和自我設限上，發現 RAI 扮演著部分中介的效果。根據研究結果與討論，本研究亦在文末針對面臨階段轉換的國三運動員，提出可供運動教練實務上的建議與參考，以及對未來研究提出建議。

The purpose of this study was to examine the prediction of youth athletes’ 2×2 achievement goals and self-determination motivation on dropout intention, self-handicapping and subjective well-being. Participants were 217 junior athletic class students (males = 154, females = 63) from 8 junior high schools in Taiwan. After receiving the informed consent, participants were requested to complete inventories assess 2×2 achievement goal for children, self-determination motivation, dropout intention, self-handicapping and subjective well-being in sport. The results indicate that (1) mastery-approach goal and performance-approach goal negatively predicted dropout intention, and positively predicted subjective well-being. Mastery-avoidance goal and performance-avoidance goal positively predicted dropout intention and self-handicapping. (2) RAI positively predicted subjective well-being, and negatively predicted dropout intention and self-handicapping. (3) The moderating effect of result, it was found that RAI partially mediated the relationship among mastery approach goal and subjective well-being, dropout intention; RAI complete mediated the relationship between mastery avoidance goal and dropout intention, it also partially mediated the relationship between mastery avoidance goal and self-handicapping; RAI complete mediated the relationship between performance approach goal and dropout intention, partially mediated the relationship between performance approach goal and subjective well-being; RAI partially mediated the relationship among performance avoidance goal and dropout intention, self-handicapping. The study suggested that coaches should construct a proper environment to let athletes have higher subjective well-being and lower dropout intention, another use correct training methods to reinforce they sport motivation and reduce the self-handicapping.