在經濟及醫療技術快速發展的環境中，高齡化已經成為臺灣社會結構的主要趨勢，加上老年人罹患慢性疾病的機率較一般成人高，且目前已知身體活動可以降低罹患多種慢性疾病的危險，是維持老人健康最有效且最經濟的方法之一，故本研究探討影響臺灣地區老年人參與身體活動的因素，包括不同的生活型態與疾病，做為提升老年人身體活動量之參考。本研究根據「臺灣地區老人營養健康狀況調查1999-2000」之資料，包括1,245名65歲以上之老年人，運用Logistic迴歸模式及線性迴歸模式進行分析，依變項分別為客觀的身體活動量、主觀的自覺運動狀態、BMI值；自變項為居住地區、生活型態、各項疾病及飲食攝取等。結果顯示，不論是採用客觀的或主觀的身體活動依變項，居住於中部與東部者，身體活動量不足的危險均顯著高於居住於北部者，居住於南部者則顯著低於居住於北部者；教育程度較高者，身體活動量不足的危險顯著低於教育程度為小學者；個人所得與身體活動量充足的比率呈顯著正相關；吃檳榔者身體活動量不足的危險顯著高於不吃檳榔者；而以汽機車為主要交通工具者，身體活動量不足的危險顯著高於以步行為主要交通方式者，且男女性的結果相似。患有白內障與高血壓者，調整後身體活動量不足的危險顯著低於無患有此二疾病者。線性迴歸分析的結果顯示，BMI與年齡與吸菸呈顯著負相關，但與身體活動量或各營養變數並無顯著相關。本研究顯示為了提升老年人身體活動量，往後可加強或改善地區性的運動設施及空間，提倡外出盡量以步行或搭乘大眾運輸為主，進而落實目前不斷推廣的全民運動。

　　With the rapid development of economy and medical technique, aging is the main trend of the population structure change in Taiwan. Aging significantly increase the risk for chronic diseases. It has been revealed that regular physical activity is one of the most effective and economic ways to reduce the risk for chronic diseases in the elderly. This research investigated the determinants of the participation of physical activity in the elderly with different life style and disease. The results could be used as a reference to increase the physical activity level in Taiwanese elderly. The data used in this research is acquired from the ‘Elderly Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan 1999-2000.’ There were 1245 subjects aged 65 years or older involved in this research. The data was analyzed with logistic and linear regression. The independent variables include location of residence, basic life styles, disease, and dietary habit; the dependent variables were objectively measured physical activity, self-perceived exertion level, and body mass index. The results were similar in in both objective or subjective measurements of physical activity. The risk for insufficient physical activity was significantly higher in the subjects living in the central and eastern region, while it was significantly lower in the southern region, compared to the northern region. The risk for insufficient physical activity was significantly higher in the subjects with higher education levels, compared to the elementary school. Personal income was positively correlated with the ratio of sufficient physical activity. The risk for insufficient physical activity was significantly higher in those who chew betel nut, compared to those who do not. The risk for insufficient physical activity was significantly higher in those who use motorcycles or cars as the major transportation, compared to those who walk. These results were similar in men and women. The adjusted risk for insufficient physical activity was significantly lower in those who have cataract or hypertension. The linear regression results showed that BMI was negatively correlated with age and smoking, but was not correlated with physical activity and dietary variables. This research suggested that in order to increase physical activity in Taiwanese elderly, the government could improve the local space and facility for exercise and walking as a mean of transportation. Furthermore, the promotion of sports-for-all could be implemented.